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ÇϹö ±³¼ö Friz Haber (1868. 12. 9 - 1934. 1. 29) |
ÇϹö ±³¼ö´Â "¿ø¼Òµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾Ï¸ð´Ï¾Æ¸¦ ÇÕ¼ºÇÑ °ø·Î·Î (for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements) 1918³â (½ÇÁ¦´Â 1919³â) ³ëº§ ÈÇлóÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
ÇϹö ±³¼ö´Â (Fritz Haber)´Â 1868³â 12¿ù 9ÀÏ µ¶ÀÏ Breslau (Áö±ÝÀÇ Æú¶õµå ºê·¹½º¶ó¿ì(Wroc©©aw)) ¿¡¼ À¯ÅÂ°è ºÎÄ£ÀÌ ÈÇÐ »ç¾÷À» ÇÏ´Â °¡Á¤¿¡¼ ž´Ù.
1886³â°ú 1891³â »çÀÌ University of Heidelberg, University of Berlin, Technical School at Charlottenburg¿¡¼ ÈÇÐÀ» Àü°øÇß´Ù. ´ëÇп¡¼ °øºÎ¸¦ ¸¶Ä£ ´ÙÀ½ ºÎÄ£ÀÌÇÏ´Â ÈÇÐ »ç¾÷¿¡ Àá½Ã ÀÏÇß´Ù. 1894³âºÎÅÍ 1911³â±îÁö Karlsruhe¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÈÇбâ¼ú ±³¼öÀÎ Hans Bunte ±³¼öÀÇ Á¶¼ö·Î ÀÏÇß´Ù. 1896 źȼö¼ÒÀÇ ºÐÇØ¿Í ¿¬¼Ò¿¡ °üÇÑ ³í¹®À¸·Î ±³¼öÀÚ°ÝÁõ ("Privatdozent" - 'ºÎ±³¼ö'¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏÁö¸¸, ºÀ±ÞÀ» ¹Þ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù) À» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
1905³â ÇϹö´Â öÀ» Ã˸ŷΠ»ç¿ëÇßÀ» ¶§ 1,000 °C ¿¡¼ Áú¼Ò¿Í ¼ö¼Ò°¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇؼ ¼Ò·®ÀÇ ¾Ï¸ð´Ï¾Æ°¡ ¸¸µé¾îÁö´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù. ³ªÁß¿¡ ¾Ï¸ð´Ï¾Æ »ý»ê°øÀå(Oppau and Leuna Ammonia Works)ÀÇ Carl Bosch ¿Í Mittasch ¿Í Çù·ÂÇؼ ¿¬±¸¸¦ Çؼ Ã˸ÅÁ¸ÀçÇÏ¿¡ 150-200 ±â¾Ð°ú 500 °C Á¶°ÇÇÏ¿¡¼ Áú¼Ò¿Í ¼ö¼Ò°¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇؼ ¾Ï¸ð´Ï¾Æ¸¦ ÇÕ¼ºÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» °³¹ßÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ¾Ï¸ð´Ï¾Æ ÇÕ¼º ¹æ¹ýÀÇ °³¹ß·Î 1918³â ³ëº§ÈÇлóÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
¾Ï¸ð³ª¾Æ·ÎºÎÅÍ Æø¹ß¹°¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â Áú»ê¿°À» ¸¸µé°Ô µÇ¾ú°í ¶ÇÇÑ ºñ·á·Î »ç¿ëÇϴ Ȳ»ê ¾Ï¸ð´½À» °ª½Î°í ´ë·®À¸·Î »ý»êÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
1911³â Berlin-Dahlem¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Institute for Physical and Electrochemistry ¿¡ ÇаúÀåÀ¸·Î ºÎÀÓÇÏ°í 1933³â ³ªÄ¡°¡ ¾ï¾ÐÇÏ´Â 1933³â±îÁö ±Ù¹«Çß´Ù. 1933³â »çÀÓÇÏ°í ¿µ±¹¿¡ Àá½Ã ¸Ó¹°´Ù°¡ ½ºÀ§½º·Î ÀÌ»çÇß´Ù.
ÇϹö´Â ¾Ï¸ð´Ï¾Æ ÇÕ¼º ÀÌ¿Ü¿¡µµ ¸¹Àº ÀÏÀ» Çß´Ù.
Âü°í ÀÚ·á: 1. "Fritz Haber - Biography". Nobelprize.org. 24 May 2012 http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1918/haber.html |